By Muhammad Mamman
The Catholic Bishop of Sokoto Diocese, Most Rev. Matthew Hassan Kukah, has warned that military operations alone cannot end Nigeria’s insurgency, stressing the need for soft power and deeper social reforms.
Speaking in Abuja on Thursday at the review of Scars: Nigeria’s Journey and the Boko Haram Conundrum, a new book by former Chief of Defence Staff, Gen. Lucky Irabor (rtd.), Kukah said Boko Haram is rooted in ideology, not just armed conflict.
“For years, we have launched operations with different names — Lafiya Dole, Restore Order, Hadin Kai, Safe Haven — yet the insurgency persists. You cannot fight an idea with weapons alone,” he said.
Kukah argued that framing insurgency purely in military terms ignores the vital role of dialogue, justice, and reconciliation in peacebuilding. He noted that many Boko Haram fighters view death as martyrdom, making them indifferent to conventional deterrence.
“The challenge before us is not only defeating insurgents on the battlefield but addressing issues of life, death, and dignity. Guns cannot build peace; soft power must complement military power,” he added.
He praised Irabor’s reflections for going beyond military doctrine, describing them as “the writings of a priest” that emphasise governance, reforms, and moral renewal.
Kukah called for structural reforms, political inclusion, judicial integrity, and investment in human development to address the grievances fuelling extremism.
The event was attended by former Presidents Olusegun Obasanjo and Goodluck Jonathan, alongside service chiefs, senior officials, diplomats, and traditional rulers.
